Bs 5400 part 2 2006 free download

Get E-Coins bonus immediately from Xemvm. Contact Hotline and Zalo: Note: Because the E-Coins system is malfunctioning, there is a phenomenon that some accounts successfully registered but do not receive E-Coins bonus, the Website Management Board sincerely apologizes for this problem and we will try to fix the error as soon as possible.

Please sign in your account to download the document. If you do not have an account click here to sign up and receive bonus e-coins immediately. Join the activities on me. This document was uploaded by me. The community of me. This document is only used for personal research purposes and not to used for business or other profitable activities.

Notice : In the last upgrade of the website, the system happens to be incompatible with some pdf documents of the old version, making the system unrecognizable to the file type so it will appear one of the following:.

If the document you want to download displays one of the above notifications, you can temporarily fix it manually by clicking on the browser and then press enter to the system reload. Sorry about this incident. We are working and will try to fix them as soon as possible. Please support the website and help the community by sending your documents to us. If your documents are published, you will receive 10 E-coins and receive a chance to receive thousands of other E-Coins.

If your documents are loaded by many people. Click here for details. Your internet browser has disabled JavaScript. Website only work when it enable.

To see how to enable JavaScript, Please click here! Specification for loads No longer current but cited in Building Regulations guidance. This document Newer versions Older versions.

Click here to find out how to access this document. BS Steel, concrete and composite bridges. Find out more. Free to use BIM project management tool provides step-by-step help to define, manage and validate responsibility for information development and delivery at each stage of the asset life cycle in level 2 BIM projects. In concrete elements with thin sections, closely spaced reinforcement or small cover to reinforcement, a maximum aggregate size of 10 mm is recommended.

Further guidance on the grading requirements and particle size distribution is given in PD Where appearance is important, the aggregate should not contain surface-marring materials such as pyrites; see BS EN , G.

The producer should be informed where appearance is important to ensure that appropriate aggregates can be selected.

Aggregate type can affect the fire resistance provided by the concrete. The selection of aggregates with lower thermal expansion such as lightweight aggregates or limestone can be advantageous. Aggregates with low coefficients of thermal expansion are also beneficial in reducing the risk or extent of early-age thermal cracking. Where needed, a different value may be specified.

Aggregates having Los Angeles coefficient values above 40 might also perform satisfactorily in normal concrete but their compressive strength and, if reinforced, shear strength performance should be established in concrete trials before use.

Current guidance on industrial floors see Concrete Society Technical Report 34 [9] does not recommend a higher abrasion resistance, i.

For wear resistance specified by performance, see BS EN Not to be Most aggregates have low moisture movements. Aggregates having high moisture movements, such as some dolerites and basalts, and gravels containing these rocks, produce concrete having an above average initial drying shrinkage.

A method of test is given in BS EN It should be noted that the BS EN test actually measures the drying shrinkage of a standard concrete containing the aggregate under test, not the specific drying shrinkage of the aggregate. Guidance on design recommendations for satisfactory use of high drying shrinkage aggregates in concrete for structures is given in BRE Digest [10].

There is a default requirement in BS , 4. Verification by testing is required for aggregate types listed as being susceptible to high drying shrinkage in BRE Digest [10] or an unfamiliar type. Where the concrete is not expected to dry in service or the design has taken account of the high drying shrinkage, the specifier may delete this requirement.

To prevent this, specifications for many constituent materials put limits on the sulfate level. Where appropriate BS , 4. Within the United Kingdom, sulfate problems caused by natural aggregates are rare. However, world-wide there are natural aggregates with sulfate levels of sufficient magnitude to cause disruption of concrete.

Where the source of aggregate is new or is suspected of containing sulfate, tests on the aggregates for sulfate content prior to acceptance are advised. NOTE As no tests exist to determine mobile sulfate content, it is usual to measure the acid-soluble sulfate contents of the aggregates. The relationship between such measurements and the mobile sulfate content of the hardened concrete is variable and therefore no universal sulfate limit can sensibly be applied to concrete.

In The magnesium sulfate test if used BS , 4. Where structural lightweight concrete is to be used, BS , 4. Dry concrete is not prone to cracking by alkali—silica reaction, as it needs an external source of water to develop sufficiently to cause cracking. For designated, designed and standardized prescribed concretes, the producer is required to take action to minimize damaging alkali—silica reaction see BS , 5.

If the producer follows the guidance given in BRE Digest [12], this will be deemed to have satisfied the requirement to minimize damaging alkali—silica reaction. These actions apply regardless of whether the concrete will be in a dry environment. For example, if the specifier specifies a polished stone value for wear resistance, they will have no knowledge of what rock type will be used and the producer could select a greywacke which is classified as being highly reactive.

The producer, not the specifier, has all the information to be able to minimize the risk of damaging alkali—silica reaction. Consequently, BS , 5. This includes different provisions for minimizing the risk of damaging alkali—silica reaction.

If the concrete is to remain in a dry environment, the specifier may specify no requirements. BS EN , 6. Due to the general nature of most prescribed concrete specifications, e. The practical solution is to include in the specification the additional requirement in 4.

If this creates problems for the producer, they are expected to inform the specifier. In some of the sets of recommendations to minimize the risk of damaging alkali—silica reaction given in BRE Digest [12], conformity is based on the declared mean alkali content of a cement or the CEM I component of a combination. Alkali contents of individual samples can be higher or lower than the declared mean value due to, for example, manufacturing and test variations.

This has been taken into account when setting the limiting criteria. When assessing new types of aggregates for use in concrete, all forms of alkali—aggregate reaction should be considered. These limits are sufficient for normal UK temperatures. As part of the overall approach to working in cold weather, consideration should be given to taking steps such as insulation of the fresh concrete.

The following steps modify the concrete in ways that can help counter the effects of cold weather: a increasing the cement or combination content to increase the heat of hydration and early strength; b changing the cement or combination type within the permitted range of types to one with a higher heat of hydration at low temperatures, e.

NOTE This might require some of the mix constituents or the concrete to be heated. A retarder will not compensate for stiffening by moisture loss; b using a cement or combination that has a low heat evolution; c specifying a maximum temperature of fresh concrete less than that given in BS , 5.

Not to be consistence. A potential solution is to specify shorter times of transport, but in many site situations this is an impractical option. The required value of the minimum characteristic strength based on mm cubes is specified in BS , The producer need only use one shape and size of specimen for conformity testing, either cylinders or cubes see BS EN , 5.

The specimen shape and size to be tested is selected by the concrete producer and declared see BS EN , 5. In the United Kingdom this is likely to be the mm cube.

BS EN requires the concrete producer to operate a defined conformity control procedure and to inform the specifier and user of any non-conformity that was not obvious at the time of delivery.

Testing by the user or specifier is not part of the conformity control procedure. However, the concept of identity testing is introduced for cases where there is doubt over the concrete quality or for spot checks. Whenever there is doubt over a particular batch of concrete, identity testing of that batch is recommended.

To give the specifier independent assurance that the concrete conforms to the specification and that non-conformities are reported correctly, a requirement for the concrete producer to hold accredited third-party certification is strongly recommended where the specifier and the producer are not the same party.

BS EN requires the producer to inform the specifier and user of any non-conformity and the contract specification should require such notifications to be passed by the specifier to other interested parties, e. Requirements for identity testing for slump, flow, air content and density on individual batches of concrete are given in Annex B. Requirements for identity testing for compressive strength are given in BS EN , Annex B for two to six test results and in Annex B of this part of BS for more than six test results.

Annex B of this part of BS also clarifies how identity testing for compressive strength should be undertaken. Not to be doubt or random spot checks, BS EN requires the specifier to define the type of test, the volume of concrete in the assessment and the number of tests on this volume of concrete, and to give this information to the producer.

In such situations, it is adequate to inform the producer that identity testing will be undertaken on volumes of concrete still to be defined using the criteria in BS EN and BS For clarity of application, it is better to have clearly identified volumes of concrete, e. The volume of concrete should be selected so that no more than six identity tests are undertaken on any volume of concrete, because BS EN only gives rules for two to six results.

Where more than six results are obtained, they will have to be split into groups of six non-overlapping results in accordance with B. The specifier is responsible for organizing any identity testing. The results used in a volume of concrete should represent a relatively short chronological period to minimize the risk of including a step change in quality.

BS EN requires the producer to maintain a certain strength margin above the specified characteristic strength. This can result in abrupt changes of strength which could be reflected in results from identity testing.

Any failure to satisfy the identity testing criterion should be discussed with the producer prior to requiring any other action to be taken. Annex B normative Identity testing for slump, flow, air content, density and additional requirements for compressive strength B. Such adjustments may be nominal or based on trials. Not to be B. The spot sample shall be taken after a discharge of approximately 0.

The sample shall be remixed on a non-absorbent surface and tested for slump or flow. Flow shall be measured in accordance with BS EN Table B. Not to be If the measured flow meets the requirements specified in Table B. Not to be The density of fresh concrete shall be measured in accordance with BS EN and the density of hardened concrete shall be measured in accordance with BS EN Each concrete shall be assessed individually. Within each defined volume of concrete, the individual results shall first be assessed against criterion 2 given in BS EN , Annex B, Table B.

Any result that appears to be an outlier shall be investigated to determine whether it is a valid result. Invalid results shall not be included in the calculation of the mean strength. The mean strength of all the valid results in the volume of concrete shall be calculated and the result compared with BS EN , Annex B, Table B.

Where there are more than six results in the volume of concrete, the results shall be split into non-overlapping groups of six results taken in chronological sequence.

Not to be nominal proportions Table C. NOTE Where nominal proportions are by mass, the cement contents are significantly greater than the values given in Table C. Table C. Not to be Standards publications For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document including any amendments applies. Concrete in aggressive ground. Special Digest 1. Third edition. Watford: Building Research Establishment, The European Guidelines for self-compacting concrete — specification, production and use.

How to use BS with BS Camberley, The Concrete Centre, Plain formed concrete finishes. Technical Report First edition. Camberley: The Concrete Society, Development in durability design and performance-based specification of concrete. CS Guidance on the use of stainless steel reinforcement. Enhancing reinforced concrete durability. Concrete industrial ground floors — a guide to design and construction. Shrinkage of natural aggregates in concrete.

Digest Resolving application issues with the use of recycled concrete aggregate. Alkali—silica reaction in concrete. BRE Digest in four Parts. Delayed ettringite formation — In-situ concrete. Tel: Not to be [P2] Not to be permitted types, [P2] 4. It presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the international level. It is incorporated by Royal Charter. Users of British Standards should make sure that they possess the latest amendments or editions.

It is the constant aim of BSI to improve the quality of our products and services. We would be grateful if anyone finding an inaccuracy or ambiguity while using this British Standard would inform the Secretary of the technical committee responsible, the identity of which can be found on the inside front cover.

BSI offers members an individual updating service called PLUS which ensures that subscribers automatically receive the latest editions of standards. Buying standards Orders for all BSI, international and foreign standards publications should be addressed to Customer Services. Email: orders bsi-global. In response to orders for international standards, it is BSI policy to supply the BSI implementation of those that have been published as British Standards, unless otherwise requested.

Information on standards BSI provides a wide range of information on national, European and international standards through its Library and its Technical Help to Exporters Service. Various BSI electronic information services are also available which give details on all its products and services. Contact the Information Centre. Email: info bsi-global. Subscribing members of BSI are kept up to date with standards developments and receive substantial discounts on the purchase price of standards.

For details of these and other benefits contact Membership Administration. Email: membership bsi-global. Copyright Copyright subsists in all BSI publications.

BSI also holds the copyright, in the UK, of the publications of the international standardization bodies. Except as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act no extract may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means — electronic, photocopying, recording or otherwise — without prior written permission from BSI.

This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard, of necessary details such as symbols, and size, type or grade designations.

If these details are to be used for any other purpose than implementation then the prior written permission of BSI must be obtained. W4 4AL Email: copyright bsi-global.

A By Karim Arfaoui. Download PDF.